![]() IV Fluid composition can be broken down into two main categories Crystalloid solutions containing water, electrolytes, and/or glucose and Colloids mostly albumin and blood products. This is suitable in the majority of cases due to its similarity in composition to plasma. In saying this, the most commonly used solution is lactated Ringer’s or Hartmann’s solution (Robinson, Dipecvaa and Mrcvs, n.d.). One of the easiest ways to distinguish fluids is based on their intended purpose maintenance or replacement therapy. Whilst there are a number of types of fluid available, each product has its own role in treating specific conditions and pathologies. Warming fluids to body temperature has been shown to be useful in large volume resuscitation, however, this may have limited usefulness during low IV infusion rates (Davis, 2013). Table modified from (Schaer,1989) and (Schaer, 2005).Īs mentioned in the table above, another consideration is the temperature the fluids are delivered during the infusion therapy. Not to be used with a vomiting patient. Can use a stomach tube, pharyngotomy tube, small dosing syringe or a small baby bottle and nipple depending on patient size and underlying condition. For anorectic patients with short term illness. Do not use with pending abdominal surgery. Do not use if the patient has abdominal sepsis, ascites, or peritonitis. Hypertonic fluids will worsen the dehydration. Prepare a sterile injection site just lateral to the midline and midway between the umbilicus and the pelvic brim Use needle gauges 16-20, depending on the patient's size. Provides a vehicle for delivering ample volumes of fluid over a short time period. Use a needle proportional to bone size to avoid trauma. Insert either an 18-20 gauge hypodermic needle, a spinal needle or a small bone marrow needle. Prepare a sterile site 1 cm distal to tibial tuberosity, proximal media tibia, or trochanteric fossa of femur IO fluid administration is comparable in effectiveness to the IV route. Provides direct access to the vascular space When intravenous access is unavailable. Avoid catheter displacement and the inadvertent extravascular placement of the fluid infusion. Avoid intravenous overload caused by excess fluid delivery. Maintain complete sterility of IV cannula and infusion system. Use isotonic fluids for volume repletion. Prepare a sterile site for needle or cannula intravenous insertion. Most effective for medium and large dogs. Provides for rapid delivery at the most precise dosage. The best route for correcting hypotension. IV fluid therapy is the preferred route to treat severe hypovolemia and/or dehydration. Do not deposit fluid under infected skin. The average 5- to 6-kg cat can receive 150-200 cc once or twice daily. Fluid should be deposited dorsally along the area bordered by the scapulae anteriorly and the iliac crests posteriorly. Do not deposit more than 10-12 ml/kg per injection site. Best to administer by gravity flow through an 18- to 20-gauge needle (for an adult-sized cat use a smaller needle for pediatric patients). Maintenance of not severely ill patients. Correction of mild-moderate dehydration. Determining Route of Fluid Administration There are multiple ways to deliver fluid to a patient and this can be determined by the speed at which the fluids are required and the total volume to be administered. Evacuation - the cessation of assisted fluid therapy, as self-sufficiency via oral intake is adequate.ĭeveloping this treatment plan is multi-faceted and will involve the consideration of a number of other variables as well.Stabilisation is a recovery stage in which the patient is hemodynamically stable and the infusion therapy moves toward optimizing electrolyte balance and replacing ongoing losses.Optimisation ongoing administration of replacement fluids that are working to optimize circulation.Rehydration correcting hydration abnormalities. Resuscitation correcting perfusion abnormalities.Fluid resuscitation/rehydration, optimization, stabilisation, evacuation (Hansen, 2021). Understanding this will help to formulate the initial stages of a fluid therapy plan.Īn infusion plan has different phases depending upon what the goal for your patient is. Whereas hypovolaemia is a reduction in intravascular volume with either whole blood or plasma water loss. ![]() ![]() Dehydration is a fluid deficiency associated with all fluid compartments, resulting in an overall increase in electrolyte concentrations. This is dependent upon the speed and the compartment from which the fluid is lost from their body. There are two ways fluid loss can occur in pets, dehydration or hypovolaemia. There are many factors to consider when creating and implementing a fluid therapy plan for your patient.Ĭompleting a thorough patient assessment should provide an insight as to the process in which the fluid has been lost.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |