![]() Moreover, researchers are proved that the combined cycles are further increased the performance of the system and sustainability. ![]() Moreover, implementing renewable energy like solar energy (i.e., solar photovoltaic, solar thermal systems etc.) in residential/rural areas is to satisfy the primary need (i.e., power and potable water) is increased the self-sustainability. of India introduced many schemes to develop the residential sectors in rural areas to increase sustainability (Energy, 2021). In view of that, electricity and potable water are “livelihood security”, which is required to survey and develop people's activities (Rasul, 2016). People's development in rural areas is crucial (Singh and Bhowmick, 2015), and the advanced technologies are need to satisfy people's basic needs (Storey, 2020). In India, the rural economy contributes 46% of the national income, which is higher than in other parts of the world (Ramesh Chand, n.d.). Technological development is a continuous process transformation that is more imperative for residential sectors especially in rural areas. The designed small-sized combined system may be suitable for hospitals, institutional buildings, hotels, and offices. Finally, the annual reduction of the CO 2 pollutant was found as 92.95 metric tons, and the corresponding annual and lifetime social cost is found as Rs.6.06 Lakhs and Rs.90.64 Lakhs. Furthermore, the energy storage has drastically reduced the payback period from 4.61 years to 2.31 years at the cost of power, and potable water is Rs.6.54/kWe and Rs.4/litre. The adoption of energy storage increased power output to 222.30 kWe, and potable water production to 202.51 kg/day, which is nearly 1.5 and 2.73 times more than the conventional system. ![]() Moreover, the energetic and exergetic efficiency of the storage adopted combined system was found as 79.38% and 34.82%, nearly 23.91% and 6.96% higher than without an energy storage system. The overall exergy destruction rate is found to be 37.80 kW, which is nearly 41.17% of irreversibility that occurred in the trough collector as a primary component of exergy wasting. The Stanton Number (St), Porosity (ε), and Radius (D/r) are found to be the most influential term for the storage process among eight non-dimensional parameters. The thin thermocline was obtained for the smallest diameter (d = 0.03m) of filler material with the lowest porosity (ε ≤ 0.3). Especially, the performance of the energy storage is analyzed in Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium (LTNE) – Ansys 18.1 domain. ![]() Significantly, Marble and Quartzite are the best and worst materials from the collected material, it is identified by the proposed novel combination of ITARA-TOPSIS-MODM method in Matlab. The designed system has produced power and potable water of 118.51 kWe and 74.03 kg/day without energy storage. Solar integrated combined organic ranking cycle and multi-stage desalination with packed bed thermal energy storage is proposed, and thermo-economic-environmentally analyzed for residential areas to increase the self-sustainability.
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